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Edward William Soja (; 1940–2015) was a self-described "urbanist,"〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Writing the city spatially )〕 a noted postmodern political geographer and urban theorist on the planning faculty at UCLA, where he was Distinguished Professor of Urban Planning, and the London School of Economics. He has a Ph.D. from Syracuse University. His early research focused on planning in Kenya, but Soja came to be known as the world's leading spatial theorist with a distingusihed career writing on spatial formations and social justice. In 2015 he was awarded the Vautrin Lud Prize, which is the highest honor for a geographer and often called the Nobel Prize in the field of geography. In addition to his readings of American feminist cultural theorist bell hooks (b. 1952), and French intellectual Michel Foucault (1926–1984), Soja's greatest contribution to spatial theory and the field of cultural geography is his use of the work of French Marxist urban sociologist Henri Lefebvre (1901–1991), author of ''The Production of Space'' (1974). Soja has updated Lefebvre's concept of the spatial triad with his own concept of spatial trialectics which includes thirdspace, or spaces that are ''both real and imagined''. Soja focuses his critical postmodern analysis of space and society, or what he calls spatiality, on the people and places of Los Angeles. In 2010 the University of Minnesota Press released his recent work on spatial justice,〔Soja Edward W., 2010, ''Seeking Spatial Justice'', Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.〕 which was followed in 2014 with his newest book "My Los Angeles" published by the University of California Press.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=My Los Angeles )〕 Soja has collaborated on research and writing with, most notably, Professor Allen J. Scott (UCLA), Michael Storper (UCLA, LSE), Fredric Jameson (Duke University), David Harvey (Johns Hopkins, CUNY), and various faculty in the departments of Urban Planning, Architecture, Policy Studies, and Geography at UCLA. Professor Edward Soja has served as the doctoral academic advisor to, most recently, Professor Mustafa Dikec (École d'Urbanisme de Paris),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Professor Mustafa Dikec )〕 Dr. Walter J. Nicholls (University of Amsterdam),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=dhr. W.J. (Walter) Nicholls - Universiteit van Amsterdam )〕 Dr. Mark Purcell (University of Washington),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UW Urban Design and Planning - Departmental Faculty )〕 and Dr. Stefano Bloch (Brown University).〔https://vivo.brown.edu/display/sebloch〕 ==Thirdspace== Soja developed a theory of Thirdspace in which "everything comes together… subjectivity and objectivity, the abstract and the concrete, the real and the imagined, the knowable and the unimaginable, the repetitive and the differential, structure and agency, mind and body, consciousness and the unconscious, the disciplined and the transdisciplinary, everyday life and unending history."〔Soja, Edward W. ''Thirdspace''. Malden (Mass.): Blackwell, 1996. Print. p. 57.〕 As he explains, "I define Thirdspace as an-Other way of understanding and acting to change the spatiality of human life, a distinct mode of critical spatial awareness that is appropriate to the new scope and significance being brought about in the rebalanced trialectices of spatiality–historicality–sociality."〔 Soja constructs Thirdspace from the spatial trialectics established by Henri Lefebvre in ''The Production of Space'' and Michael Foucault's concept of heterotopia. He synthesizes these theories with the work of postcolonial thinkers from Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak to bell hooks, Edward Said to Homi K. Bhabha. Like Lefebvre, sometimes called a mystical Marxist, Soja demonstrates leanings towards a monadic mysticism in his Thirdspace. He formulates Thirdspace by analogy with the Aleph, a concept of spatial infinity developed by Jorge Luis Borges.〔Soja, Edward W. Thirdspace. Malden (Mass.): Blackwell, 1996. Print. p. 57〕 Thirdspace is a radically inclusive concept that encompasses epistemology, ontology, and historicity in continuous movement beyond dualisms and toward "an-Other": as Soja explains, "thirding produces what might best be called a cumulative trialectics that is radically open to additional otherness, to a continuing expansion of spatial knowledge."〔Soja, Edward W. Thirdspace. Malden (Mass.): Blackwell, 1996. Print. p. 61〕 Thirdspace is a transcendent concept that is constantly expanding to include "an-Other," thus enabling the contestation and re-negotiation of boundaries and cultural identity. Soja here closely resembles Homi K. Bhabha's theory of cultural hybridization, in which "all forms of culture are continually in a process of hybridity," that "displaces the histories that constitute it, and sets up new structures of authority, new political initiatives… The process of cultural hybridity gives rise to something different, something new and unrecognizable, a new area of negotiation of meaning and representation."〔Rutherford, Jonathan. "The Third Space. Interview with Homi Bhabha." Identity: Community, Culture, Difference. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1998. Print. P. 211〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edward Soja」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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